Métodos de dimensionamento de suportes em aberturas subterrâneas por Tirantes de Ancoragem Química e Mecânica : uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

When excavating a rock mass, the pre-existing stresses within the material undergo significant redistribution, resulting in a new state of stresses that may compromise the stability of the opening. To mitigate the risks of destabilization and ensure the safety of underground operations, various support techniques are employed, which involve the installation of containment structures either around the perimeter of the excavation or directly in the rock mass. Among the most commonly used support systems are shotcrete, wire mesh, steel ribs, and steel arches. In addition, reinforcement systems such as resin-anchored bolts, swellex, splitsets, and cable bolts have proven increasingly efficient and versatile. This study primarily aimed to conduct a bibliographic review of the methods for designing supports and reinforcements used in underground excavations, with a focus on the most widely applied techniques today. Through this systematic bibliographic review, it was possible to compile and organize the information available in the technical literature, bringing together data intended to assist decision-makers in the process of designing reinforcements in underground openings, especially resin-anchored bolts and swellex bolts. The design of the bolts follows the guidelines of ABNT NBR 5629/2018 and international standards, which establish testing procedures to evaluate the tensile capacity of the components of the anchoring system, ensuring safety and effectiveness in the design process.