Análise de viabilidade técnica e financeira para uma usina solar fotovoltaica de minigeração para locação após a implementação da Lei 14300

Abstract

This work analyzes, from a technical and financial perspective, the implementation of a mini-generation plant aimed at leasing in the state of Ceará, specifically in the municipality of Trairi, considering the current situation after the implementation of law 14300. This study aims to understand the feasibility of investment in the plant leasing sector in Brazil and, mainly, to provide informative insights on how this law operates concretely in the long term. For the preparation of this work, a theoretical, technical, and normative contextualization related to the photovoltaic generation sector was initially carried out, with emphasis on distributed generation, in addition to defining the financial indicators to be analyzed. Furthermore, the methodology used was to define the assumptions for the plant’s sizing, considering a base voltage of 13,8 kV and a power of 1MW, which was important for defining the equipment to be used, such as modules, inverters, and trackers, and then to size and simulate the generation of this plant in software, which obtained a capacity factor of 22,9%. Finally, a financial analysis was carried out with a 25-year projection, and through the Cash Flow analysis, it was possible to obtain the calculations of the financial indicators, resulting in a Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 4,926,976.31, a Simple Payback of 4,83 years, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 20,05%, attesting to a positive feasibility considering a Payback of less than 20% of the investment duration, a very positive NPV, and an IRR higher than an investment based on the Selic Rate.