Padrão de especialização produtiva entre Brasil e Rússia (1997-2017)

Abstract

The objective of this work is to analyze the commercial relations between Brazil and Russia from 1997 to 2017, its evolution and main characteristics. It is supported by the calculations of the competitiveness indicators: Gini-Hirschman concentration index (product and destination); normalized revealed comparative advantage index (Laursen, 1998) and the intra-industry trade index (Grubel and Lloyd, 1975). The results show that Brazil-Russia trade maintained a rigid specialization standard, with the continuity of the 1990’s model, that reveals the predominance of interindustrial trade. The export agenda is concentrated in the group of food and beverages, characterized by the presence of natural products or low tecnology goods. Brazilian imports from Russia are mainly composed by medium-high technology products and chemical products are a great proportion of the imports. Brazilian trade is concentrated according to destination. China, USA and Argentina are the main partners. And according to the symmetrical revealed comparative advantage index, the food and beverage product group stands out as the only one in which Brazil has comparative advantages in production. The analysis of Brazil-Russia trade reveals that it doesn’t contribute to reducing Brazil's external vulnerability. There is a need for policies aimed at further diversifying the tariff to make the country less vulnerable to adverse international market fluctuations.