Projeto de um sistema solar fotovoltaico residencial com armazenamento em baterias

Abstract

In this work, a detailed study was conducted on the design and simulation of a residential photovoltaic system with lithium-ion battery storage, installed in Fortaleza, Ceará. The main objective was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of different energy dispatch strategies, considering the context of the legal framework for distributed generation in Brazil. Using the PV Syst software, three dispatch scenarios were simulated: self-consumption, peak shaving, and weak grid islanding. The three-dimensional modeling of the installation, allowed for an accurate analysis of the system's performance under different conditions. The simulation results demonstrated that each strategy presents specific characteristics and applications, making it essential to accurately size the storage system to optimize the use of stored energy and minimize dependence on the electrical grid. The self-consumption strategy prioritizes the immediate consumption of the generated solar energy, while peak shaving aims to reduce energy demand during peak hours, lowering energy costs. Weak grid islanding, in turn, allows the system to operate autonomously in case of grid outages. The comparative analysis of the strategies revealed that the choice of the best option depends on several factors, such as the cost of electricity, fees like Fio B, component prices, storage capacity, and the user's consumption profile. The combination of different strategies can be an effective solution to optimize system performance and maximize the benefits of distributed generation. The legal framework for distributed generation, created in 2022 and implemented in 2023, made the search for ways to mitigate the energy generated and injected into the grid attractive to consumers, encouraging the pursuit of solutions that reduce excessive energy injection into the grid and promote self-consumption. In this context, the present study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the sizing and operation of residential photovoltaic systems with storage, providing support for decision-making by consumers and installers.