Tecnologias emergentes para a captura de CO2: benefícios econômicos e ambientais

Abstract

The Greenhouse Effect is a natural phenomenon that makes life possible on planet Earth. This effect results from the presence of greenhouse gases that interact with radiation emitted by the Earth, with carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) being the most prominent. However, the intensification of this effect, known as global warming, is raising the temperature of planet Earth and causing numerous environmental, economic, and public health impacts. Human activities are the main contributors to the adverse effects of climate change, due to the increasing emissions of CO2, which is already the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Given the difficulty in reducing CO2 emissions, studies are being conducted to find and improve mitigation strategies. Based on the research conducted on the Web of Science platform, available on the CAPES journal website, among the ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, CO2 capture methods stand out. This work discusses technologies that are already widely used, such as post-combustion and pre-combustion, as well as emerging technologies such as oxy-fuel combustion and chemical looping, while briefly highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these processes. Investment in the study and improvement of these technologies is essential so that efficient and sustainable routes are adopted, particularly by the industrial sector.