A estrutura superficial da paisagem das sub-bacias dos riachos Carrapateiras e Cipó - Bacia do Jaguaribe - Tauá - CE

Abstract

The study of the surface structures of the landscape is an important methodological tool for initial interpretive propositions regarding paleo-climatic and morphoclimatic processes in the Quaternary. The main objective of this research is to analyze the surface structure of the landscape in the sub-watersheds of the Carrapateiras and Cipó streams in the municipality of Tauá – Ceará. The specific objectives are: to classify the soil types in the sub-watersheds of the Carrapateiras and Cipó streams based on the Brazilian Soil Classification System; to characterize the morphopedology of the sub-watersheds using a toposequence; to analyze the landscape ecodynamics through the balance between morphogenesis and pedogenesis; to identify environmental systems, their state of conservation, and the use and occupation of the land. Regarding theoretical and methodological aspects, this study was developed based on the tripartite Geomorphology model, grounded in systemic analysis and integrated landscape studies. The methodological procedures are structured in three stages: the Office stage, where bibliographic, cartographic surveys, documentary research, and data compilation platforms made available by IBGE were conducted; the Field stage, which consisted of selecting collection points along a toposequence along a NE-SW transect; and the Laboratory stage, where physical, chemical, and morphological analyses were carried out according to SiBCS standards. The following results were obtained: geo-environmental characterization and delimitation of environmental systems, morphopedological compartmentalization of the sub-watersheds into dissected compartment, flattened compartment, and fluvial plain compartment. The main dynamics of soil genesis, evolution, and distribution processes were observed, as well as the land use and occupation developed by local communities. A high degree of degradation was observed, especially in the flattened compartment areas, associated with the use of agricultural and extractive practices by the population. Finally, it was concluded that public policies are necessary for the sustainable use of natural resources in the semi-arid region, as well as the distribution of these lands to mitigate the negative effects of soil degradation.