Análise comparativa das topologias de inversor centralizado e microinversor em dois sistemas de microgeração de energia fotovoltaica em Sobral

Abstract

The so-called alternative sources gain great prominence in the global energy matrix due tothe growing energy demand and diversification of energy sources. The main catalyst for this transition is the greenhouse effect, which is aggravated by the main energy sources based on fossil and non-renewable fuels, due to the emission of CO2. One of the main alternative sources is photovoltaic solar, which has the advantage of being completely free of pollutants and with a growing participation in the Brazilian electricity matrix, with emphasis on Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPSs). However, the wide variety of topologies of GCPSs makes the optimization of such systems a challenging task, which results in trade-offs for both the owner and the system designer. Therefore, this work approaches a comparative analysis of two topologies of GCPSs, one based on the use of a centralized inverter and the other based on the use of a microinverter. Both topologies have advantages and disadvantages over different contexts, from acquisition cost to maintenance and efficiency. The analyzed systems were designed according to the criteria of the power distribution company Enel Distribuição Ceará and installed in the city of Sobral. The main differences and applications are discussed throughout the work and the generation results of both systems were satisfactory with those defined in the project, with the microinverter system achieving the best performance, with more than 25% efficiency in relation to the inverter in the simulated generation and more than 10% in the real generation. In terms of financial return, the microinverter system was also superior to the inverter, with payback one year in advance. Shading and design simulations were performed using software PVSol, SketchUp and SolarEdge.