O hidrogênio verde: principais perspectivas no cenário energético brasileiro

Abstract

The high levels of pollutant emissions caused primarily by the global reliance on fossil fuels have necessitated the adoption of new forms of sustainable energy in order to mitigate the impacts of these emissions. In this scenario, green hydrogen has emerged as a highly promising solution, particularly for Brazil. Therefore, the central purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis on the relevance of green hydrogen in the Brazilian energy matrix, addressing its contribution to the decarbonization process not only in Brazil but also worldwide. This analysis encompasses its significant energy potential, great versatility, and applicability across various sectors, as well as its production, storage, distribution methods, and the challenges and ongoing projects associated with it. The present work involved data collection, analysis of important graphs and projections from diverse literature, public and private organizations, and institutions with the necessary expertise. Based on the information presented throughout the study, it was determined that green hydrogen can be classified according to its production process, primarily as gray, blue, or green (H2V). H2V is characterized by being produced from renewable energy sources, with electrolysis being its main production route. Additionally, hydrogen is primarily stored and distributed in its gaseous and liquid forms, benefiting from the advantage of utilizing existing pipeline infrastructure. In terms of applicability, there are numerous possibilities for the use of H2V in various sectors of the economy, with a particular focus on the industrial sector, where a significantly positive impact is expected. In this regard, numerous H2V Hub projects are already underway in Brazil, with a special emphasis on the Northeast region, which demonstrates great promise due to its high production potential. Ultimately, despite the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome, it is evident that Brazil possesses all the favorable conditions to build a low-carbon economy, with green hydrogen as a promising agent.