L- alanil glutamina, ômega-6 e ômega-3 na reposta metabólica e no estresse oxidativo em ratos submetidos ao trauma e à sepse

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that metabolic response to surgical and musculoskeletal trauma, burns, infection, and sepsis share common characteristics. The duration and intensity of the response are proportional to the severity of the trauma, nutrition and hormone status, sex, age and local temperature. Generation of free radicals is more intense under these circumstances. The study was aimed at studying the effects of l-alanyl-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) and polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3 on the metabolic response and the oxidative stress in Wistar rats subjected to surgical trauma and sepsis. It is a prospective and controlled study of 150 rats distributed in 9 groups and exposed to sepsis. Surgical trauma resulted from laparotomy and mesocecal ligation. Cecal puncture and ligation induced peritoneal infection, peritonitis and sepsis. Experimental groups received daily i.v. infusions of L-Ala-Gln and omega-6 and omega-3 during four days prior to laparotomy. Arterial blood, liver and muscle samples were collected 12, 24 and 48h after laparotomy for enzymatic analyses (pyruvate, lactate, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyirate, GSH and TBARS) for evaluation of metabolic response and oxidative stress. Parametric and non-parametric were used for statistical analyses. Results were expressed as mean±SEM (standard error) accompanied by the number of observations (n). P<0.05 was accepted as significant. Trauma induced significant increase in blood concentrations of pyruvate, lactate and glucose 12 and 24h post-trauma and ketonemia. Sepsis induced similar alterations but failed to induce increased ketogenesis. L-ala-gln exogenous offer resulted in increased gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 12, 24 and 48h pos-trauma, along with enhancement of Cori cycle and glucose-alanine cycle. Lipid peroxidation in liver increased and GSH concentrations were reduced in liver and muscle in septic rats pretreated with L-ala-gln. Omega-3 lipid emulsion pretreatment induced reduction of liver and muscle GSH and increased TBARS concentrations in septic rats. It is concluded that trauma model induced increased glucose turnover associated with fast adapting hyperketonemia. The septic model promoted similar alterations in glucose and a flaw of the fast adapting hyperketonemia. L-ala-gln intravenous administration induced increased glycolysis in peripheral tissues and increased hepatic neoglucogenesis and ketogenesis. Similar alterations were observed with omega-3 enriched lipid emulsion intravenous administration. Nutraceuticals used in this study did not promote compatible protection against oxidative stress or lipid peroxidation in trauma and sepsis models.