Análise técnica e econômica de sistemas intensivos de produção de P. vannamei no nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

Aquaculture production surpassed the extractive fisheries in 2014. Projections indicate an annual production of 270.9 million tons in 2050. In this context, marine shrimp farming stands out for its rapid development, operating 57 billion dollars in 2016. This development was only possible because of the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). The zootechnical characteristics of this shrimp favors its culture, making it the most cultivated shrimp in the world. Semi-intensive culture in estuarine areas of northeast of Brazil face difficulties in production due to diseases. Seeking alternatives to improve productivity and to recover profitability, some producers are migrating to the intensive production system. The main objective of this work is to evaluate technically and economically the feasibility of implantation of intensive systems of production of P. vannamei in the Brazilian northeast. For this, the production model was monitored on the Expopesca farm and compared to the Santa Lucia farm, both located in the municipality of Cascavel-CE, on the left bank of the Choró River. Information on investment cost, zootechnical results, production costs and gross revenue were obtained and used in the sensitivity analysis. Physical and chemical water parameters monitoring revealed environmental stability in the intensive system. Comparing the zootechnical results between the intensive and semi-intensive systems, there were significant differences in productivity (104,657.5 versus 5,069.5 kg), but there were no differences in the mean final weight, weekly growth, survival, FCR and number of cycles per annum. The cost of implementing the intensive system was R$ 1,534,855.39 per hectare of production. This value was approximately six times higher when compared to the semi-intensive one. According to the economic sensitivity analysis of the present study, the semi-intensive production system is not feasible, but the average and maximum price-intensive system becomes an economically viable model.