Técnicas de recuperação ambiental em áreas secas degradadas: revisão sistemática de literatura

Abstract

Currently, land degradation and desertification affect more than 3 billion people on the planet. These global environmental problems destroy terrestrial ecosystems and reduce the availability of environmental resources, affecting the earth's ability to provide ecosystem goods and services. Dry regions, such as the Semi-Arid region of Brazil, are among the most vulnerable areas on Earth in relation to degradation and desertification, hence the relevance of systematic studies on the topic. The general objective of this dissertation is to identify and analyze the main recovery techniques for dry areas degraded in the process of desertification, through a systematic review of the literature using the PRISMA 2020 Protocol. To this end, this work is guided by the following research question : What are the main environmental recovery techniques used in the world to recover dry areas undergoing desertification or desertification? To this end, the research was carried out on the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES, access to the CAFe portal, in the Science Direct and Web of Science databases. The descriptors used were “dry areas” or “recovery of degraded areas”; and “desertification”. Initially, in July 2023, the search identified 1,145 articles, which proceeded to the screening phase. The following screening criteria were established: (i) exclusion of duplicate articles; (ii) exclusion of articles that, after reading (focusing on the title, abstract, keywords and conclusion) do not fit the purpose of this review; and (iii) identification of top priority articles after screening. Therefore, seven articles were classified as high priority. Six main environmental recovery techniques were identified in degraded dry areas, which are: Exclusion (or even called fence or Gdel or Hima); Contour cultivation; Transformation of sloped fields into terraces; Contour hedge; Planting trees and grass planned for soil and water conservation; and Branched stacks. It is concluded that the techniques described in this review reflect the complexity of the challenges in recovering areas degraded by desertification. It is important to understand that the choice and application of each technique must be adapted to the specific characteristics of each area, as well as collaboration between different interested parties to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of recovery actions.