Exercício físico na melhora da qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica que realizam hemodiálise: revisão de escopo com metássintese

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a slow, progressive, and irreversible loss of renal function over a period longer than 3 months. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), considered the terminal phase of chronic kidney disease, occurs when the kidneys can no longer function normally, becoming incompatible with life. Hemodialysis increases the survival of patients undergoing it; however, these individuals may develop various changes that directly interfere with their quality of life. Objective: This study aims to investigate, through a scoping review with metasynthesis (interpretative data synthesis), the impact of exercise on the quality of life of patients with CKD and recommendations regarding exercise training parameters in this population. Methodology: The scoping review with metasynthesis was conducted to answer the following question: "Does physical exercise prove to be safe and effective in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis?" The search was performed in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and PEDro databases, with inclusion criteria comprising systematic reviews focusing on exercise in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, intradialytic and pre- or post-dialysis exercises, without restrictions on the year or language. Exclusion criteria included studies unrelated to the research objective and those not available in full. The metasynthesis analyzed main and secondary categories. Result: A total of 6,994 references were found in the databases, and after reading the titles and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 references were eligible for inclusion in the metasynthesis. Conclusion: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise, associated with appropriate prescription considering the patient's clinical condition and contraindications, is the most effective modality to increase aerobic capacity and prevent sedentary behavior and its complications, particularly cardiovascular complications. This approach improves functional capacity and the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.