O conceito de cyberbullying: uma análise de vídeos no YouTube a partir da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade

Abstract

Cyberbullying is defined as the use of technological tools with the purpose of intentionally harassing, embarrassing or humiliating an individual or group through virtual means. Because it is a social phenomenon that occurs in virtual environments, cyberbullying is a type of online violence with the properties that digital media provide, such as the permanence of published content, greater visibility, the possibility of sharing and an alleged idea of impunity. Advances in technology continually open up new possibilities, which makes online aggression dynamics complex and cyberbullying has different definitions and nomenclatures, which causes confusion around this concept. Cyberbullying has been the subject of study by the scientific community, portrayed in the digital media itself and discussed in educational and online contexts, which makes the topic highly relevant today. Among the spaces where content about cyberbullying appears, the video sharing platform YouTube emerges, whose audiovisual materials have a wide reach and are capable of influencing the opinion and behavior of its users. Thus, this research aims to analyze how the concept of cyberbullying is portrayed by videos on this topic on YouTube. The research's theoretical-methodological approach is based on the perspective of the Critical Theory of Society, a journey produced by the authors of the Frankfurt School, especially the theorists of the 1st generation, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, so that the analysis of the material collected in the research was guided by the principle of the primacy of the object, thus revealing the contradictions of society inherent in the object itself. The theoretical constructs of researchers from Frankfurt who currently deal with issues related to cyberbullying were used. The research also proposes to deepen the look on the scientific production published on the CAPES, BVS and Scielo platforms between 2016 and 2021 on cyberbullying, establishing a critical view of these publications from a systematic review. Through the search for the term cyberbullying on YouTube, the 10 most viewed videos on the platform, spoken in Portuguese, were selected. After analyzing the material found, the videos were divided into three categories, based on what the videos revealed about the object under study: Cyberbullying and the respectable public, Cyberbullying in the educational context, The victim of cyberbullying. The research seeks to contribute to the reflection on cyberbullying, the use of the digital scope to elucidate this phenomenon, as well as how it seeks to contribute to the construction of changes in human relationships and the promotion of the subject's emancipation through critical reflection of reality.