O impacto socioeconômico da pandemia do covid-19 em 2020: relação comparativa Brasil e Ceará

Abstract

The IBGE (2021) informs that SARS-CoV-2 led to the closure of establishments, logistical restrictions, increased prices for inputs and a generalized drop in demand on the market. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic inequality in the municipalities of Ceará from February to December 2020. With an exploratory, quantitative and bibliographic nature, it used macroeconomic books, articles and national indicator sites to encourage research. The health crisis impacted on the Brazilian and Ceará GDP, which retracted 4.1% and 5.72% compared to 2019, respectively. As for the trade balance, Brazil had a drop in exports by 6.91% and imports by 10.38%. Ceara's trade balance showed a drop of 18.51% in exports and an increase of 2.41% in imports. As for the unemployment rate, Brazil and Ceará had an index of 13.5% and 14.4%, reflecting the deterioration of the labor market and social vulnerability. As for the average income per capita in Brazil and Ceará, it was R$1349.00 and R$979.89, respectively. The Brazilian and Ceará Gini Index were 0.524 and 0.544, demonstrating income inequality in the face of the health crisis. Monte (2020) states that Emergency Aid, in addition to increasing the population's income, contributed to reducing social inequality. The assistance programs helped to alleviate inequality and guarantee income for the agents' basic consumption. In Ceará, in addition to national programs, the government defined other assistance measures to combat social vulnerability, which are essential in combating poverty and income inequality