Perspectivas, aplicabilidade e segurança do treinamento com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em pacientes diabéticos: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by problems related to insulin secretion or absorption, resulting in high serum glucose levels. Exercise is an essential component used in the prevention and control of primarily cardiovascular diseases, including DM. A promising exercise modality is Blood Flow Restriction Training (TRF), which in other populations has shown to have similar effects to high-intensity resistance exercise, when associated with low-intensity resistance exercise. In view of the above, this systematic review sought to identify the applicability of TRF in diabetic patients to gain muscle strength and its hemodynamic and metabolic repercussions, through a search in the PubMed, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar search tools, for studies in Portuguese and English, without temporal restrictions, using the descriptors “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Exercise Therapy”, “Muscle strength”, “Resistance Training”, “Blood Flow Restriction”, “Blood Flow Restricted”, “KAATSU”, “Cardiovascular System” , “Biomarkers”, “Hemodynamics”, combined with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”. As a result, 2 clinical trials were found that met the inclusion criteria. None of the studies found provided results on the muscular performance of individuals with DM undergoing TRF. The studies focused on the effects of TRF on the cardiovascular system and on platelet activation markers and signals. The effects of TRF on the cardiovascular system showed no statistically significant difference for the increase in heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure), while there were significant differences in platelet markers immediately after the practice, being higher in the group that took the TRF. Therefore, as exercise is an essential component in the care process for diabetic patients, TRF appears to be an alternative for those patients who may be prevented from performing high-intensity resistance exercise, thus accelerating their rehabilitation process. It is worth noting, however, that studies are still needed to evaluate the effects of TRF on the muscular performance of this population. Furthermore, this practice should only be carried out under the supervision of a trained professional, who evaluates the risks and benefits of the technique.