Construção e validação de tecnologia educativa para orientação nutricional nas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis para os agentes comunitários de saúde

Abstract

Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases are responsible for 74% of deaths worldwide in 2022. Among them are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases. In Brazil, the data is close to the global rate, being responsible, among adults aged 30 to 69, for 75% of premature deaths. The present study aims to develop an educational technology on nutrition in chronic non-communicable diseases for Community Health Agents (CHA). Applied and methodological research was carried out, of the validation type, with a quantitative approach, divided into two phases: development and validation of educational technology for the educational process of community health agents. The research was developed in two stages, which took place during the period from August to November 2023, with stage 1 carried out between August and October 2023 and stage 2 starting in mid-October and ending in November. For this purpose, a Content Validity Index (CVI) equal to or greater than 0.80 was used as standard for the research. The exact binomial distribution test was carried out, as this research works with small samples, to verify the level of agreement between judges, considering p (probability) greater than 0.80 (80%) for answer agreement between judges in regarding the evaluation of the instrument. In this way, agreement was obtained between the judges, with a significance level of 5%. For the validation process of the educational booklet, the Delphi technique was carried out, with 11 judges selected, the majority of whom were nutritionists (45.4%), with a majority of females (90.9%). The booklet consisted of 49 pages in its pre-validation version and 52 pages in the post-validation version. All pages were counted sequentially, however, the numbering in Arabic numerals began to be recorded only from the first textual page, in its lower right margin. The title font used on the cover was Bree Serif size 24 and 42, both in bold white, Arimo font size 32 for the information contained in the text and Bree Serif font size 60 in bold for all chapter titles. The parts of the text that sought to highlight a point or explain something were highlighted in red, to attract attention. Regarding the global CVI, which in the first round obtained 0.97, in the second round, a global CVI of 0.99 was obtained, and a p value >0.80, validating the constructed digital booklet. The booklet was improved in the final version through the judges' diligence in suggesting improvements to its validity, making it suitable for use in health education for CHWs. In view of the above, it is believed that the creation and validation of this educational technology for CHWs will facilitate the health education process, and consequently, provide health promotion actions aimed at adequate and healthy nutrition for people affected by diabetes and hypertension.