Avaliação propositiva de metodologia para cálculo da taxa do lixo em Fortaleza

Abstract

Since 1970, the world has witnessed the process of transformation of Solid Waste Management (MWS); since then, the triad of production-consumption-disposal cannot encompass the current conditions. In this sense, principles such as Sustainable Development and the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP), and more recently the Circular Economy (CE), have guided the way in which the MSW is applied in the world, mainly in developed countries. In Brazil, this process began with the approval of the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW), but it has been difficult to be adopted by Brazilian municipalities, mainly due to lack of resources, but also to cultural characteristics that present services that serve only a part of the population, without the due level required by the Constitution as a right for all users. In this way, many Brazilian municipalities, especially in the South and Southeast, are adopting charging as a tool to guarantee financial security and the quality of services provided, in order to adopt the PPP and form the tripod of society, economy and environment. In Fortaleza, this process has not been different: the municipality has sustained over the years high Operating Expense (OPEX) and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) costs related to MRS services, but since 2021 it has organised itself to apply the "waste flat rate". At the end of 2022, the local authority adopted the charging method whose main features are the application of the rate to the minority of the population and the adoption of a single representative, in violation of PPP principles. In this sense, the research proposes the adoption of a parameterised equation that adds the principles of vertical equity, horizontal equity and proportionality to the municipality's charging methodology, respecting the essential concepts of economic viability, administrative management of data and the active condition of the user. The data obtained from Fortaleza was also applied to the equation, in order to understand how the equation works, but without applicability conditions, due to the low reliability of the data.