Desenvolvimento de protótipo para enriquecimento de biogás de aterro sanitário.

Abstract

One of the direct consequences of the consumerist culture in big cities is the growing generation of urban solid waste (MSW), whose main components are organic, plastics, paper, cardboard, glass, metal, leather, rubber, etc. the bass recycling rate in Brazil means that a large part of MSW is destined for sanitary landfills. In these places, the organic matter present in MSW undergoes digestion anaerobic, producing leachate, biogas and digested organic matter. The landfill biogas sanitary is a gaseous mixture formed by CH4 (45-55% v/v), CO2 (30-35% v/v), CO, N2, H2, NH3, H2S (ppm), H2Ovapor and siloxanes. The capture and processing of this biogas offer advantages such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse and the offer of a renewable source of energy. To make landfill biogas viable as a source of energy, the purification of biomethane is carried out with the removal of other components, mainly CO2. Among the various techniques of CO2 removal, figure adsorption, which is based on the separation of mixtures liquid/gaseous liquids through molecular sieves, materials capable of retaining specific substances based on chemical selectivity. In this work, it was designed and developed a benchtop adsorption device to operate in landfill and biogas production reactors. The operation of the device consists of the controlled passage of gas flows through a column containing adsorbent material for generating methane-rich streams. Due to the high affinity with CO2, the molecular sieve employed zeolite 4A grown on fiber glass performed well in removing CO2 from biomethane. O device has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field, demonstrating good ability to work, having generated satisfactory results in the enrichment of biomethane from sanitary landfill, with full-scale application potential.