Vazios cheios de expectativas: a potencialidade de transformação de vazios industriais em áreas verdes na zona oeste de Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

The phenomenon of industrialization has marked the landscape of many cities around the world, with huge areas dedicated to activity and its large structures and buildings. Among other factors, when the logic of industrial productivity is modified, the implantation of some factories loses sense or even no longer works within the urban fabric. By leaving their spaces, these factories create real gaps and physical barriers of abandoned buildings, land and infrastructure, known as industrial voids. In Fortaleza, the process of expansion of the city was also marked by the development of the industrial sector, especially in the west zone in neighborhoods whose majority today conform regional 1 and 3, corresponding to the study area of this dissertation. When these industries ended or transferred their activities to another location, huge plots and tracts remained, impacting the city and population. The presence of empty spaces in the city can represent problems such as insecurity and degradation of the surroundings, attraction of debris and can serve as a shelter for illegal activities. However, these voids can also be interpreted as places of possibilities within cities, due to their availability in an environment with infrastructure. From this, it is possible to observe the potential of the site to receive a new use that will be better chosen when taking into account the needs of the population. In regional 1, for example, there are several demands, as it is an area with large precarious settlements and HDI below the average of the capital, but in addition there is a great lack of vegetation cover, having the worst in the city (CRUZ, 2019). The benefits brought by the presence of urban green go beyond environmental issues, such as preservation, these spaces are able to mitigate urban problems and bring improvements to the population in terms of leisure, mobility, health and economy. Therefore, this research presents as a proposal for intervention in industrial voids the creation of green areas, an action that benefits society and the environment. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential for transforming industrial voids in the west zone of Fortaleza into green areas through a methodology developed by Sanches and Pellegrino (2016) who assess the degree of this potential and the type of vocation, whether social and/or environmental, of urban voids.