Desenvolvimento tecnológico da segurança pública do Ceará por meio da inteligência artificial: "olhos" e "cérebros" operando a vigilância de arrasto

Abstract

Technological advances, at an accelerated pace, interact with the most diverse social relations in contemporary capitalism. The most current facet of these advances is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which has been impacting different sectors of society such as companies, governments, etc. In this more general context, Public Safety has also been adopting these technologies in its policing practice. It is against this background that this work analyzes how the recent technological equipment of the Secretaria de Segurança Pública e Defesa Social do Estado do Ceará took place through advances in Artificial Intelligence projects applied to this sector. The work begins with the conceptualization of Artificial Intelligence and the role it plays in contemporary capitalism. At this point, it also discusses in a more general way, the State-society relationship. It then addresses the use of Artificial Intelligence by security forces on the global stage, situating its main applications, such as predictive policing. To this end, it focuses on two of the largest platforms in the industry – in the United States and Brazil. In the following topic, a description of the main advances in AI in Public Safety in the State of Ceará is described, dividing the construction of an infrastructure between material and institutional. For this, it focuses on the structure of the Programa Cientista-Chefe and its performance with the Secretaria de Segurança Pública e Defesa Social do Ceará, it brings a description of the functioning of the Artificial Intelligence technologies currently in use by the State security forces, aiming at the construction of a new type of surveillance, the “dragnet surveillance.” The work is anchored in exploratory research, carried out from the survey of data in electronic portals of the security forces, declarations of agents involved and news on the subject, in addition to the analysis of electronic auctions, registers of price records and contracts of the Secretariat of Security involved in the technological development of the mass. It was concluded that the use of Artificial Intelligence in Public Safety in Ceará contributes to the strengthening of the penal State as it advances in the construction of a surveillance apparatus for all and does so without opening the possibility of public scrutiny of the functioning of these technologies, making it impossible to supervise these applications. Such a configuration can lead to conflicts and problematic social and political consequences regarding policing driven by Artificial Intelligence.