Sinergias entre as instabilidades pluviométricas e produção agrícola de Sequeiro no semiárido do Ceará: Os casos dos municípios de Canindé e Santa Quitéria

Abstract

The Brazilian semiarid region is located in almost its entirety in the Northeast of the country and occupies part of the State of Minas Gerais in the Southeast. The semi-arid region is an ecosystem that is characterized by presenting spatial and temporal rainfall instability. These instabilities are manifested in agricultural practices, especially those developed by family farmers producing food under the harsh conditions of the semi-arid ecosystem. The State of Ceará, proportionally, has the largest number of municipalities officially recognized by the Federal Government as entered in the semiarid region. Some of the additional features of semiarid climatic regime is systematic droughts and the appearance of areas subject to desertification. Phenomenon that occurs as the synergy between the aggressiveness of climate and human activities due to predatory agriculture exercised by farmers of various sizes, and by the removal of timber from savanna to be used as a source of energy, both in the home and, above industries of different sizes. This research aims to study the evolution of rainfall precipitation in the cities of Canindé and Santa Quitéria situated in Ceará State semiarid region. These municipalities are inserted in desertification areas of this State. Furthermore, the research sought to identify rainfall regimes of municipalities compared to what happens in the state of Ceará. The production of bean, cassava and maize were evaluated in each of rainfall regimes found in the search. The data come FUNCEME Municipal and Agricultural Research covering the period from 1974 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were estimated to characterize endogenous and exogenous variables associated with the production of these crops. To measure instabilities there were used the coefficients of variation (CV) estimated for each variable in defined periods of rainfall to municipalities. The CVs were also used to identify the instability / stability identified in wet periods and measured for each research council. The results showed that prevail drought periods of high rainfall shortage in both municipalities. The main conclusion of the search showed that in periods of rainfall shortage there were instabilities in variables associated to production for bean, cassava and corns in both municipalities.