Incidência de aloimunização eritrocitária após transfusão de concentrados de hemácias

Abstract

The alloimmunisation following red cell transfusion is a complication in patients with chronic diseases requiring multiple transfusions. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of alloimmunisation, to identify the detected alloantibodies, to establish the involved risk factors and to quantify the alloimmunisation risk in patients with acute disorders who received red cell transfusion at Instituto Dr. José Frota hospital, using the gel technique centrifugation. From the 5,690 recipients who received 16,547 units of red blood cell, 4,025 were male and 1,665 were female. Recipients with previous alloimmunisation or with time of permanence below one week were excluded (n = 501). Red cells alloantibodies were detected in 120 recipients (2,1%); 60 males (1,49%) and 60 females (3,60%) The alloimmunisation was 2.4 fold more frequent in females, and 93,33% of the women had previous pregnancy. The average number of units transfused in the alloimmunised recipients was 4.68: 4.97 units in males and 4.40 units in females. In recipients non alloimmunised the average was 2.87 units the risk of alloimmunisation was 0,83%: 0,59% in males and 1,44% in females. The most frequent alloantibodies were: anti-E (18,25%) and anti-D (16,06%) from a total of 137 alloantibodies detected. The average time taken to detect alloantibodies was 20.88 days. The risk of alloimmunisation detected was high considering the average number of units transfused. The age of recipients and the longer life expectancy increase the probability of further transfusions in this group. Our findings point out to the necessity of modify the current medicai transfusion support to this group of patients.