Qualidade de vida de pacientes com fissura orofaciais: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Quality of life (QoL) is a personal perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Orofacial clefts (OC) are the most common congenital malformations among the anomalies that affect the head and neck region, it has a close relationship with the patient’s perceptions of quality of life, already has an impact on image and function. The purpose of this study is to survey and evaluate tools, parameters and results used in the literature to assess the quality of life of patients with OC. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out using the search strategy “cleft lip or cleft palate AND quality of life” and “oral clefts AND quality of life” in the PubMed database, without restriction as to the year of publication. Therefore, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the PubMed database and 148 articles were found. Exclusion criteria: from this number those that were reviews, letters to the editor, congress abstracts and that did not have full text were excluded, with the reading of titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria: those that addressed quality and orofacial clefts simultaneously were selected, of this volume, 20 articles remained that were submitted to full reading and used in the present study. To evaluate and obtain the data of and relate to oral health in this studies,

ware used variate types of questionnaires like OHIP-14, OHIP-49, VAS, COHIP, WHOQOL- bref, ECOHIS, OIDP, PedQL, CPQ, IOTN, OASIS e Oral Health Questionnaire for children

(OMS), besides others questionnaires and evaluate to the end of compare with that data of QoL, like the DMFT and depressive symptoms. Therefore, it was observed that people with OC have significantly worse QoL than people without OC and that the increase in cleftseverity is directly related to the reduction in the quality of life of these patients. In addition, the caregivers' views regarding the QoL of these patients obtained lower values compared to the patients themselves. When the studies compared the post-intervention effects, such as prostheses, implants and surgeries, a significant improvement in the QoL of cleft patients was observed. Meanwhile, regarding oral health surveys such as DMFT, patients without clefts have significantly lower rates than those with malformations, except for caries involvement. In this way, we were able to observe the importance of studying and understanding the quality of life and relating it to the oral health condition of patients with clefts, in order to understand how to improve approaches and indications for carrying out interventions, adapting public health policies.