Eventos adversos neonatais são mais frequentes em gestações de adolescentes?

Abstract

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is considered a public health problem, due to its association with obstetric and neonatal risks. Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes between adolescent and adult mothers. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, using the medical records of pregnant women from a reference maternity hospital as a source of data. Data were collected on maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery, Apgar at 1 and 5 minutes less than 7 and fetal deaths. Data were grouped and analyzed according to age group: adolescent parturients aged 13 to 19 years and pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years. Results: 1,642 medical records of pregnant women were included, 461 (28.1%) of adolescent mothers and 1181 (71.9%) of adult mothers. Comparing the groups, there were significantly more cesarean deliveries for mothers aged 20 to 34 years (657 (55.6%) vs. 190 (41.2%), p <0.0001); and a significantly higher proportion of preterm births in the group of adolescent mothers (118 (25.6%) vs. 241 (20.4%), p = 0.0239). The other study variables did not show statistical significance. Conclusion: Teenage mothers had a higher rate of preterm birth with the subsequent risk arising from this event.