Áreas verdes urbanas: uma análise da distribuição das áreas verdes de Fortaleza – CE

Abstract

The large Brazilian cities have several socio-environmental problems, among them is the preservation of natural environments and the necessary amount of green areas per inhabitant. These green areas are extremely important for urban life, due to the various ecosystem services they produce, such as climate regulation. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution of green areas in the city of Fortaleza, through geoprocessing tools. To achieve it, it was necessary to use shapefiles of the green areas (Square, Parks and Areas of Relevant Ecological Interest) together with population data, so that the Green Area Index (IAV) total and of the 121 neighborhoods could be calculated. Together, a bibliographic review on the expansion of Fortaleza was done together with data of use and occupation made available by Mapbiomas and data of average income and HDI (Human Development Index), all these data were specialized through maps. Therefore, it was verified that Fortaleza had a large expansion to the east, in the period 1985 to 2021, mostly due to public and private incentives, resulting in a large suppression of vegetation during these 36 years, but with tendencies to stability. Furthermore, the municipality has an AVI of 12.8 m², but while some neighborhoods have an index of 523.24 m², as in the case of Sabiaguaba, 13 other neighborhoods do not have any square meter of green area in their territory. Another result is the low influence of HDI and average income in the distribution of green areas, and in only a few cases these can be factors for such concentration, especially in the neighborhoods that have the lowest levels of HDI and average income. Finally, it was concluded that the green areas of Fortaleza are concentrated in the east of the city, making the main reason for this situation the late occupation of this region of the city, so that there was some planning and protection of vegetation through green areas. Moreover, this concentration causes that only a portion of the population has access to these places that are assured by the municipal master plan.