Avaliação de parâmetros físico-químicos e químicos em águas superficiais da região metropolitana de Fortaleza

Abstract

Brazil is a country rich in surface water reserves. However, climatic and geographical conditions make the Northeast region deficient in terms of these reserves. Urbanization is responsible for the pollution of water bodies, due to recurrent domestic and industrial discharges into these waters. This contribution of pollution, with high loads of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), tends to reduce the amount of O2 in the water, leading to the process of eutrophication. Therefore, the analysis of physical-chemical parameters (Turbidity, pH and OD) and chemical parameters (Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrites, Nitrates, Phosphorus and BOD) was performed for 10 samples of water bodies, divided into lotic and lentic environments, collected from the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará. These parameters allow checking the water quality according to the limits established for the 3 classes of CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. According to the tests, 3 samples in the turbidity and 7 samples in the BODs are not in accordance for class 1. For class 2, 3 samples are not within the required limit for BOD. Meanwhile, the ammoniacal Nitrogen test revealed that two samples did not fit into any of the classes, as they exceeded their threshold concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the amount of polluting sources and specific treatments to recover the quality of these waters.