Análise comparativa da avaliação de impactos ambientais de atividades de mineração no Ceará

Abstract

The mineral sector makes an important socio-economic contribution to the country and the world, standing out not only for being a basic industry, but also for its accompanying condition of new and other motivational activities. As it is a long-term activity, it favors the development of communities located in its surroundings, but as an activity that causes environmental impacts, it must be integrated and developed in a responsible manner, within modern technical and legal premises, so that these can be significantly reduced. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to carry out a comparative study between the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) carried out for two mining companies in the State of Ceará. For this purpose, the Environmental Impact Studies (EIA) carried out by the mining companies and made available in the EIA Collection of the Superintendence of the Environment of the State of Ceará (SEMACE) were used as a basis. The EIA of MDN Mineração do Nordeste and Cimento Apodi were selected. Due to the complexity of the EIA, the analysis remained restricted to the chapters related to the EIA of the selected studies. Both analyzed documents used the checklist method to identify the possible environmental impacts in the area of influence of the projects, with separation in the evaluation of the importance and characterization of the impacts. The results will show that the two projects comply with CONAMA resolution 001/86 and 237/97, demonstrating that the EIA is an extremely important tool to assess the risk that mining activities can bring to the environment, certainly to minimize effects and achieve a balance between development and the environment.