Resistência intrínseca a antibióticos de cepas de actinobactérias isoladas de solo sob diferentes usos no Município de Ubajara

Abstract

Actinobacteria are bacteria commonly found in soil, water and in association with animal and plant species, playing an important role in ecosystems (VAN DER MEIJ et al., 2017). These associations with diverse groups of living organisms and their global dispersion are facilitated by their broad secondary metabolite production capacities. Its metabolite production encompasses both enzymatic production that has an important function in the cycling of nutrients in the environment in which they are part, since its enzymes can, for example, degrade cellulose, pectins and starch. The production of antibiotics and antifungals is also well known as a by-product of this secondary metabolism, which may be used by the ecosystem in order to guarantee a greater balance in interspecific relationships, since plants and animals are able to benefit from this production, thus favoring the very beneficial association with actinobacteria. In more anthropized environments, it is quite common for actinobacteria to show greater resistance to antibiotics, since they have a greater production of antibiotics, as a result of being responding to the environmental stress of anthropic action. The present work seeks to investigate whether there is a difference in the intrinsic resistance to antibiotics in strains isolated from the Ubajara National Park, when compared to strains isolated in plantation areas around the park. Soil samples were collected from 8 points with 4 of them being inside the national park and 4 from surrounding planting areas. The analysis was carried out using the disc diffusion antibiogram technique, a total of 24 strains chosen by lot were used, 12 strains belonging to the preserved area and 12 belonging to the planting areas around the park. A total of 12 antibiotics Clindamycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Oxacillin, Sulfotrim (Cotrimoxazole), Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Rimfampicin, Teicoplanin, Cefoxitin, Linezoalid were used. Data analysis showed that there is indeed a variation between resistances, with those from planting areas around the park showing greater intrinsic resistance to antibiotics when compared to strains from the park's preservation area. This is probably due to the anthropic action present in the planting areas around the national park.