Diagnóstico de vulnerabilidade socioambiental em áreas urbanas utilizando inteligência geográfica

Abstract

The impacts caused by natural disasters can be minimized by identifying populations in situations of social vulnerability. Aiming to contribute with land-use planning and to reduce such impacts caused by these natural disasters in urban centers, this project proposes a methodology to for spatial identification of social and environmental vulnerability. The method was applied in Mané Dendê River’s basin, at Salvador, Bahia. This study area is characterized by its high population density and great concentration of low income population, with high occurrence of irregular settlements. It was used geoprocessing techniques to identify the areas and the population that are vulnerable and graphically represent them through the generation of thematic maps. The environmental vulnerability map was generated through identifying the areas with risk of landslide and floods. It was determined a Social Vulnerability Index based on the 2010 census database published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Then, it was generated the social vulnerability map. The social and environmental vulnerability map was made by applying the map algebra technique. The social vulnerability method was considered satisfactory once it follows the pattern adopted by similar works, applied in Brazil and around the world. However, it is recommended for future works a deeper analysis of the criteria used to obtain the environmental vulnerability map so that the final result will be able to represent a reliable tool for the decision making in the scope of territorial management planning.