Planejamento turístico na zona costeira: percepção de impactos socioambientais na rota das emoções

Abstract

Tourism is an economic activity capable of generating positive impacts on a locality, but it can also generate negative impacts when it is not carried out properly, that is, based on planning that involves traditional communities, tourists and managers. The Rota das Emoções, object of study of the present research, is a tourist route whose proposal is that the tourist knows, in the same trip, three states of the Brazilian northeast and three main tourist attractions, namely: in Ceará, the village of Jericoacoara; in Piauí, the Parnaíba Delta; and in Maranhão, the Lençóis Maranhenses. Thus, this study seeks to analyze the relationship between tourism planning and the perception of socio-environmental impacts in the coastal zone of the Rota das Emoções, to identify the main socio-environmental impacts present in the main destinations of the Route, to know the perception of residents, tourists and managers of the main destinations of the Rota das Emoções about the tourism carried out there, as well as understanding how the planning and public policies aimed at tourism are related to the perception of socio-environmental impacts of the coastal zone of the Rota das Emoções and proposing sustainable alternatives for the integrated planning of tourism in the region. coastal area of the Route of Emotions. The research is predominantly qualitative with a quantitative bias and was divided into four stages:

i) carrying out a bibliographic and documentary survey; ii) conducting field research with on- site observation and application of 303 questionnaires, divided as follows: 150 questionnaires

applied to residents (50 were applied to residents of Jericoacoara, 50 to Parnaíba and another 50 to Barreirinhas), 150 questionnaires applied to tourists (50 to tourists from the village of Jericoacoara, 50 to those from Parnaíba and another 50 applied to those from Barreirinhas) and 3 questionnaires applied to managers (one with the manager of the village of Jericoacoara, one with the manager of Parnaíba and one with the manager of Barreirinhas); iii) tabulation of data obtained in the field; and iv) elaboration of results. As a result, it can be said that the residents of the village of Jericoacoara, Parnaíba and Barreirinhas, for the most part, perceive the preservation of the environment as important, and that the main benefit of tourism for their locality is the generation of jobs and income for residents; however, according to them, there is still much to improve in terms of environmental quality in the three destinations, since environmental education was identified as a way to improve environmental quality in these locations. Regarding tourists, it can be said that those from the village of Jericoacoara have a good knowledge of sustainable tourism and, despite considering tourism in the village to be good, they still understand that it does not occur there in an ideal way, pointing out the flaws found. , such as the lack of environmental education actions by the residents. Regarding the knowledge of the Rota das Emoções, most of them still don't know it, but they were interested in visiting it. On the other hand, tourists from Parnaíba and Barreirinhas perceive the importance of the environment for tourism and have a certain degree of environmental awareness, but that still needs to be improved through environmental education campaigns. Most of them had already heard about the Route of Emotions, even though they do not know it completely, denoting that the Route needs greater integration and planning. At the end, some sustainable proposals were presented for the integration of the destinations of the Route of Emotions.