Contribuições de um kit didático para o estudo de grupos sanguíneos em aulas de genética

Abstract

Realizing the existing difficulties in the context of teaching and learning in genetics theme, this research sought to investigate the contributions of a didactic kit in better assimilating the topic of blood groups. Thus, we seek to understand the learning difficulties of students in basic education, help students understand the concepts of antibodies and antigens and enzymatic action, analyze the contributions of a teaching kit to better understand the content and develop support material to be used by biology teachers in genetics classes. This study was carried out in a state school in the city of Itapipoca-CE and had as its target audience students from the 3rd grade of high school regularly enrolled in the institution until the date of application of the research. In its methodological aspects, this research has an exploratory and qualitative feature. We used a semi-structured questionnaire as a data collection instrument and analyzed the data qualitatively. Due to the health situation caused by Covid-19, in 2020 and 2021, which led to the removal of students and teachers from the school environment in person, the application of the research, the demonstration of the teaching kit, as well as all communication with the participants was carried out remotely to ensure the well-being of all involved. The development of the didactic kit for the study of blood groups was essential, as it made it possible to experience in practice what are the real difficulties in planning and executing new teaching strategies that allow the teacher to promote more meaningful learning. Analyzing the survey data, we learned that purely conceptual teaching directly reflects on student learning. We verified that the association between theory and practice is fundamental for a better assimilation of the studied concepts and the students' cognitive development, as the research participants pointed out the importance of practical classes in the teaching of biology. We believe that the use of methodologies that favor meaningful learning is essential in teaching this area of knowledge. The guidelines for the development of the teaching kit are described in the educational product (EP) that was developed in this research and contains the necessary guidelines for teachers to help them build the kit.