Avaliação da situação do gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil em obras de pequeno porte da cidade de Ipu-CE

Abstract

Although civil construction is a dominant branch in the national economy, providing economic and social development, this development causes a greater demand for materials and, consequently, a greater generation of Civil Construction Waste (CCW). CCWs, if not managed correctly, can negatively impact the environment. In addition, the omission of technical standards and legislation, as well as the low quality of services and products, causes growth in the generation of CCW. These factors are more likely to happen in small projects. For this reason, this research carried out a diagnosis in small works, of self-employed masons and construction companies, to obtain an overview of how waste management occurs. To this end, a form was created as a research tool with questions related to services, materials, or equipment used in the works under construction in the city of Ipu-CE that could influence the increase in waste generation. In addition, this form made it possible to analyze the compliance of the works with the regulations regarding the management of CCW. Both positive and negative results were obtained regarding environmental sustainability in the small works evaluated, however, the negative aspects stood out, mainly on the part of the self-employed masons. Some negative criteria from the environmental point of view, found in all the works were: lack of knowledge of the specific legislation on CCW management and management; non-separation of waste by its classes; non-existence of stalls for storing waste; loss of materials due to transport on-site. On the other hand, some positive points that occurred in all the works were: the storage of materials protected from bad weather; the prevention of material losses due to deterioration or expiration of the shelf life; the use of reusable struts. And, when comparing the categories freelance masons and construction companies separately, the construction companies stood out in positive aspects such as the existence of projects; the use of reusable formwork and scaffolding; specific training of the workforce, and a greater number of works with a specific location for cuts and holes in blocks and ceramics. Therefore, the research contributed to analyzing the situation of the management of small works in the Municipality of Ipu-CE, which needs, in general, the incorporation of sustainability practices and the implementation of a CCW management plan.