Estratégias de armazenamento de energia com baterias para atender um consumidor do grupo A no horário de ponta

Abstract

This work analyzes technically and financially three options for battery storage systems, with integrated photovoltaic solar generation, to supply the consumption of a consumer unit of Group A, located in the city of Iguatu/CE, during peak hours. The implementation of these systems aims to disconnect the consumer unit from the electricity grid during those peak hours, in order to reduce overloads in the electrical system and to avoid billing this consumption in the energy bill, as it is characterized by having higher energy tariffs. Initially, the Brazilian electrical scenario and the perspectives of consumption increase until 2030 were presented, showing the need for expansion and diversification of the Brazilian electrical matrix, with photovoltaic solar generation being one of the solutions. However, as solar energy and all other renewable sources depend on climatic factors, it is essential to evaluate the applications of energy storage systems in the Electric Power System, in order to increase the efficiency of generating plants that use renewable energy sources. Therefore, for the consumer unit under study, the Off-Grid System with lead-acid batteries, the Off-Grid System with lithium-ion batteries and the Hybrid System with lithium-ion batteries were dimensioned. In these systems, photovoltaic solar generation will also be considered, such that this generation will be used directly to charge the batteries in the Off-Grid Systems and will be used as Distributed Generation in the Hybrid System, in which the generated electrical energy is not used for storage, but to compensate for the consumption excess of charging the batteries through the energy of the electric system. Thus, it was possible to perform the financial analysis for each one, obtaining CAPEX values, respectively, equal to R$ 5,351.87/kWh, R$ 6,846.64/kWh and R$ 28,339.62/kWh. None of these financial analysis concluded that the investments provide a financial return, but due to the benefits that these systems provide to the electrical system and due to the continuous reduction in battery prices, nearly 8.30% per year, it is important to continue performing the analysis of these applications, as it is estimated that from 2030 onwards, the Off-Grid System model will generate financial returns for the investor consumer.