Políticas públicas de incentivo ao uso de energia solar fotovoltaica: um estudo da aplicação em propriedades rurais no estado do Ceará

Abstract

The advance of the climate change at a global level makes it necessary to debate alternatives to contain environmental and socioeconomic crises, with the government playing a fundamental role in mitigating actions. In this context, the Brazilian potential for the use of renewable energy is of great relevance, which motivates this study to evaluate public policies to encourage photovoltaic solar energy for rural producers in the state of Ceará. The aims of this work are to analyze the socioeconomic profile of producers and carry out a survey of the history of regulations and incentives for photovoltaic solar energy in force in the state as a prerequisite for the steps of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the identified policies. For that, an exploratory study was carried out through bibliographical research and interviews with union representatives of the agrarian sector of the state. During the case study, it was found that there are several regulatory, fiscal and financial incentive policies at both the federal and state levels. However, the initiatives are not effective enough to serve rural producers in Ceará. The state, which according to estimates has about 1.5 million family farmers, has approximately only 500 systems installed on rural properties, showing a very low rate of democratization of photovoltaic solar energy, with restricted access and conditional on high income. The public opinion of the interviewees reinforces the results obtained by revealing the lack of financial accessibility to resources, excessive bureaucracy to obtain financing and lack of information, especially for family farmers. Therefore, it can be concluded that government action for the creation of incentive programs aimed at rural producers in Ceará is extremely important, since the intention is to benefit those who, despite low income, have high electricity costs.