Satellite oceanography: harnessing the technological revolution

Abstract

In 43 years since the first civilian ocean satellite, the Seasat, observations of the world’s oceans have progressed a lot. From color photographies taken by US astronauts during the first manned spaceflight programs back in the 60s to nano and picosatellites nowadays, Satellite Oceanography (SO) has allowed near real-time support capabilities for operational Oceanography and climate change studies. These outcomes can improve and contribute to the growth of the blue economy local, national and international by limiting the negative impact of climate change and the potential risks for aquaculture, fisheries, and environmental protection. Moreover, SO increases maritime situational awareness and surveillance for civilian purposes, accessing shipping routes, tracking illegal activities, and piracy. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to share some of the historical technical facts and needs that push SO observations and sensors forward to understanding our oceans and how they interact with our planet