Incrustações inorgânicas na indústria do petróleo e seus métodos químicos de inibição: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

The main source of energy today is still oil, in view of which this gigantic industry increasingly invests in discovering new technologies, which improves production and reduces its costs. One of the main problems that raise extraction costs too much is inorganic scale. One of its main causes is the union of incompatible waters, which are injection water rich in sulfate (SO4-2) in contact with water with a rich formation in carbonate (CO3-2). This work addresses the main incrustations of the oil industry: calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, calcium sulfate, as well as its main physical-chemical parameters that lead to its formation. The means of prevention is less expensive than treating them, this is done through the injection of scale inhibitors, which are chemical compounds, which basically inhibit nucleation or prevent/hinder the growth of the grain. An example of the two main ones is: phosphinopolicarboxylic acid (PPCA) and diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosonic acid (DETPMP). All of this has been demonstrated through a thorough literature review. The efficiency of action, some problems and technological innovations related to chemical inhibitors, are demonstrated through case studies. These addressing the performance of the PPCA. An efficiency comparison between EDTMP, DETPMP, PVS and PPCA inhibitors. The impacts that chemicals used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can affect in the performance of inhibitors. An approach on “green” inhibitors, focused on the performance of Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMQ). As well as a technological innovation on how to extend DETPMP performance in squeeze treatments.