Estudo dos impactos ambientais de parques eólicos no município de Trairi no Ceará

Abstract

This work presents a methodology for carrying out a survey, analysis and recommendation of techniques and actions to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from wind energy generation in the physical and biotic environments of ecosystems on the coast of the State of Ceará. The county of Trairi is defined as an area of interest based on the number of wind farms installed in areas of cultural, economic and tourist importance on Ceará’ coast, as well as the characteristics of the environmental units in the region. The research identifies and assesses the impacts generated in the implementation and operation of three projects selected in the county of Trairi, through the analysis of the EIA document. The main effects identified are damage to local flora and fauna, emission of noise and shadows, visual impact on the landscape and electromagnetic interference. A critical analysis of the identified effects is performed, showing the lack of standardization of studies, underestimation and lack of detailing of significant effects and insufficient measurement of impacts. An action plan and good practices are drawn up to reduce or avoid the identified effects, including the preparation of zoning maps, enforcement of legislation, choice of modern turbines, studies and simulations with the aid of softwares, among other mitigation actions.