Fatores associados ao nível de atividade física e à prática de exercício físico em gestantes de alto risco

Abstract

Objective: To describe the level of physical activity and physical exercise of high-risk pregnant women and investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará. The level of physical activity and the practice of physical exercise were investigated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire during Pregnancy (PPAQ). The sociodemographic, anthropometric and health history profile were investigated using a specific form. For the analysis of anxiety levels, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) short version was applied. Results: Of the 109 pregnant women included in the study, 82 pregnant women (75.2%) were classified as sedentary / not very active. The average energy expenditure was higher in domestic activities (133.81 ± 81.84 METS), followed by occupational activities (40.77 ± 84.71 METS) and only 19.3% practiced physical exercise (4.76 ± 12.47 METS), with slow walking being the most reported activity. Working during pregnancy, a higher level of schooling and adequate nutritional status according to the Atalah curve contribute to activities with greater energy expenditure. Nulliparity, low levels of anxiety and paid work were associated with physical exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion: It was observed that high-risk pregnant women developed a sedentary pattern of physical activity, with a low prevalence of physical exercise. Recognizing the factors that hinder the adoption of a more physically active lifestyle is essential for adequate and individualized guidance on the practice of physical exercise during pregnancy, especially those at high risk.