Desenvolvimento de método de mapeamento do ruído de tráfego rodoviário em áreas urbanas utilizando SIG de acesso aberto e validação na cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

he traffic flow and urban morphology are directly linked to noise pollution, which cause functional abnormalities reflected in human health and behavior. In order to develop preventive noise control plans, The Strategic Noise Maps have been used to provide information about environment noise levels. In Brazil, there is a difficulty in acquiring and processing data for modeling, so the objective of this work is to propose this noise modeling process and facilitate its use to technicians and researchers. A mapping procedure was proposed. It was developed using the Python language integrated with QGIS. First this procedure was compared with the commercial software Cadna-A, using the calculation model RLS90 in 2688 hypothetical scenarios with different urban morphology and road traffic characteristics. Then, a validation was carried out with 170 noise data collected in the city of Fortaleza. Some relationships were identified between the LAeq, L10, L90, TNI levels and the urban attributes. The use of this procedure enables the performance analyze of national and international predictive models, obtaining recommendations for use and application in the tested procedure. As result, the most complex model achieved the best performance. The Brazilian models achieved best results than a similar international model, which indicates the importance of developments adapted to local conditions. It was noticed that road with low vehicle flow and pavements other than asphalt had low performance, but the differences between the generated acoustic maps were only visible in complex geometry regions. Thus, this proposed procedure is recommended as an effective noise mapping tool to specific use in urban traffic noise analysis.