Intervenção educativa para a promoção da resiliência de adolescentes em situação de pobreza

Abstract

Educational interventions can favor health promotion, as they have the ability to provide a dialogue based on respect, in the creation of a bond of resilience to face situations of stress and conflict, especially in adolescents in situations of poverty. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the Intervention Program “Overcoming Adversities and Overcoming Challenges” to promote the resilience of adolescents in poverty. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial, carried out in six public schools in Fortaleza-CE, with 325 adolescents divided into two groups: Control Group (CG), which did not receive any intervention and the Intervention Group (IG), which received the educational interventions. Data collection took place in three stages: 1st moment - application of the sociodemographic questionnaire, Resilience and Social Support scales (SSA) for both groups; 2nd moment - application of a sequence of 12 interventions in each GI school; 3rd moment - application of the scales in both groups at one, 30 and 60 days after the last intervention in the GI. Quantitative data were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v.25, and inferential analysis was performed, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará, under opinion number 1.615.672 and by the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, RBR-8Kjtps. As a result, in the CG, the means of resilience were equal for all variables, and for the moment, the age group between 16 and 18 years and income > R$ 1,200.00 had higher means (60 and 30 days respectively); in social support, the highest average was with one day for heterosexuals, between 16 and 18 years old, and mothers working and living in a rented house. In the GI, the 2nd year students increased their average resilience between one and 30 days and reduced it after 60 days; the income between R$ 400.00 and R$ 800.00 varied between moments (highest average with 60 days). Male and heterosexual adolescents showed an increase in resilience averages at all times, with the highest average at 60 days; those who live in their own home and income < R$ 400.00 had a higher mean in the 30-day interval. There was a relationship between social support and resilience at all times in the CG, while in the IG only the baseline moment showed a relationship. The interventions were effective in all three moments, showing better results between one and 30 days, showing that its effectiveness is more evident in a short period of time. It is concluded that the interventions based on the program influenced the increase in the adolescents' resilience indices, with better results being observed in a short period of time, and should be carried out continuously and at short intervals.