Desempenho comparativo dos países exportadores de camarão no comércio internacional de pescado: o que afeta o Brasil?

Abstract

Fish trade between countries has been a major driver for world economic growth. Among the most dynamic products, prawns have a high added value, a large consumer market in developed countries, and concentrate the largest producers in developing countries. As a way of understanding the dynamics of this trade, the objective of the research was to characterize the historical performance of shrimp exporting countries in the international market, with emphasis on Brazil, verifying which countries foreign trade serves as a strategy for economic growth for the fishing sector and aquaculture. For this, a performance matrix was elaborated according to the values and the trend in the historical series measured by the revealed comparative advantage indices (IVCR) and relative position (IPR). Thus, the efficiency of the dynamics of the international shrimp trade is due to the developed countries, which are the largest importers of this fish. Although Brazil has shown an efficient and decreasing result, it faces structural problems due to the lack of public policies for the sector. This, coupled with economic and disease problems, has made the country return its production to the domestic market, losing significance in the international shrimp trade.