Fatores associados ao bruxismo em crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus: da etiologia ao tratamento: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Zika virus (ZKV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, and evidence confirms the relationship between infection in pregnant women and the occurrence of abnormalities in part of newborns, causing a congenital syndrome, whose main manifestation is microcephaly. A set of oral alterations seems to be part of the phenotypic aspect of the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CSZ), with emphasis on bruxism, which has been frequently reported in this population. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review in order to explore the etiological factors, the main signs and symptoms, and the dental approaches to the management and treatment of bruxism in children with SCZ. To this end, searches were performed in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Pubmed (Pubmed®) databases, using the descriptors ''Zika Virus'', ''Bruxism'', ''Microcephaly'', ''Oral Health '' and ''Dental Care'' in English, and in associated form. The search included all articles published between 2016 and 2021, years in which cases of the disease started to be notified. A total of 130 publications were found, of which 21 were selected for full reading, after careful analysis of them. Longitudinal, observational and systematic reviews studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Articles that escaped the proposed theme, literature reviews and incomplete texts were excluded. The studies analyzed demonstrated that the main etiological factors for bruxism in children with SCZ are neurological disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and anxiety. In addition, the dental management of these patients and forms of treatment were exposed. Bruxism has a multifactorial etiology, and it is difficult to be identified in these patients, so it is necessary for the dentist to carry out anamnesis, clinical examination, detailed investigation and interview with those responsible to facilitate the diagnosis. These patients need resolute care and specialized management. Treatment of the parafunction will depend on the etiological factor, and a multidisciplinary approach may be considered. Faced with this, the training of dentists is extremely important, since the number of cases in the Northeast is quite expressive.