Uso do SIG na análise do risco a inundação no município de Itapipoca -CE

Abstract

Natural disasters caused by weather-related phenomena are increasingly frequent within the environment of populous cities, but also in medium-sized cities, and climate change, together with the anthropic change in the environment, is already considered a great ally of the most diverse natural disasters, including flooding. In this work, the municipality of Itapipoca, on the north coast of Ceará, was the target of a study to analyze its degrees of risk to flooding. For that, we used the map algebra methodology within the GIS (Geographic Information System) environment with several parameters of the physical environment, such as: land use and occupation, types of soils, springs and riparian forests, geological risk of CPRM (Mineral Resource Research Company), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), bridge chart and slope. Each of them was divided into variables and assigned a weight and manipulated via the GIS environment, which resulted in a flood risk map. The methodology used here makes it possible, in a hierarchical analysis, to check which locations are at higher and lower risk. The study showed that the rural areas had their major part classified as moderate risk with some points that can be high or very high risk, but little connected by anthropic action. The city, on the other hand, had its majority concentrated in high risk of flooding, some points of greatest risk and their possible causes were evaluated, and in the end, it confirms that the city is the ideal environment for the formation of floods, intensified by anthropic expansion actions. and lack of urban planning within the city