Aspectos que permeiam a insatisfação corporal na infância - uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Body image is a construct that can be defined as the figuration of the body in our mind, and comprises the perceptual and attitudinal dimensions. Body dissatisfaction is the negative subjective evaluation of one's own body, and weight bias is the negative feelings directed to others. Though most research studies focus on adolescents and young adults, few focuses on childhood. The aim of this integrative review is to conduct an analysis of the scientific literature on the assessment of body dissatisfaction in childhood. After searches in the Scopus, BVS, and Pubmed databases with the terms "body image" AND "child", 46 articles were selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with samples from children up to 13 years old. Body perception and body dissatisfaction were assessed with silhouette scales, questionnaires, and interviews. Some studies addressed instrument validation, and others, prevention programs for body dissatisfaction. There were correlations with eating disorders, psychological aspects, physical ability, weight, gender, body image ideals, influence of parents, peers, and midia. Most studies presented a cross-sectional design. We conclude that there is a heterogeneity of instruments to evaluate attitudinal aspects of body image focusing on body dissatisfaction in this age group, and that there are few longitudinal and qualitative studies needed to establish causality and address other variables. Prevention programs for body dissatisfaction and weight-related bias directed toward children are also needed