Etiologia das deformidades faciais: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Facial mutilated patients have always been a concern in the medical field. The presence of facial changes or deformities, whether due to congenital or acquired causes, inevitably leads to functional, aesthetic, psychological and occupational impairments. This work aims to identify which are the factors that lead to the occurrence of facial deformities. A literature review was carried out based on the determination of the theme, using the databases PubMed, Scielo and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). The temporal delimitation was established in the period from 2009 to the present. The MeSH descriptors used in the research were: '' maxillofacial injuries '' and '' etiology '', '' head and neck neoplasms '' and '' etiology '' and “Congenital abnormalities” and '' deformity '', adding for each subject its descriptor, respective (ocular, nasal, ear and oral palate lipe). After applying the search strategies, a total of 37 articles in the Pubmed database and 2 articles in the LILACS database were selected. It was observed that the three major groups of etiological factors that account for the occurrence of facial deformities are facial trauma (traffic accidents and physical aggressions), tumors in the head and neck (tobacco, alcohol and virus exposure) and congenital diseases that affect the stomatognathic system. The authors conclude that the etiology of facial deformities is multifactorial and complex, and there may be total control of some aspects, such as facial trauma to the detriment of others, such as some tumors and congenital diseases.