Organizações criminosas: surgimento, expansão e mecanismos jurídicos de repressão sob o prisma da criminologia crítica

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze whether the State, through its institutions, contributed or not to the emergence and expansion of the phenomenon of criminal organizations in the country. Therefore, this paper intends to analyze the origin of the first criminal organizations in Brazil, with emphasis on the context and the environment that favored this process and the installation of other organizations. Subsequently, this analysis seeks to study how the State faced this problem through the creation of specific mechanisms of repression. Finally, based on Critical Criminology, the objective is to examine whether the actions of the State favored this process somehow, going against the state objectives of contributing to harmony and social cohesion. The methodology consists of a bibliographic and documentary research, in order to understand the origin of criminal factions, their expansion process across the country and how this problem was treated by the Brazilian legal system. The propositions and questions developed by the Theory of the Labelling Approach and by the Critical Theory were used as the theoretical framework. When it comes to the type of research, it is stated that it is pure with a qualitative approach, seeking to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of criminal organizations, based on obtaining descriptive data and contact with the object of study. As for the objectives, the research is defined as descriptive and exploratory, aiming to improve the ideas, seeking more information on the theme. Considering all of the insertion above, it is concluded that it is possible to apply the theoretical dictates of the Theory of Labelling Approach and of the Critical Theory to the factual reality of criminal organizations in Brazil, allowing the proposition of possibly more effective ways of facing organized crime on the basis of such theories.