A argumentação nos textos de opinião do jornal escolar: composições e operações discursivo-enunciativas

Abstract

Our work aims at reflecting on the argumentation presented in opinative texts written by Fifth Grade students, throughout the scope of the school newspaper called “Primeiras Letras” by analysing the text infra-structure, the textualization mechanisms and the enunciative strategies. The Socio-Discoursive Interactionism is the theoretical background upon which the research is based. To this approach, texts are the lingusitc materialization of language actions, therefore, constituting by-products of the human activity (BRONCKART, 1999), in articulation with the networks of interests and representations that bring about the production of these texts. The research involves public schools from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. We will present the results of the analysis carried upon two subsets of opinative texts, corresponding to the texts collected in the two phases of the research: the observation phase and the intervention phase. Along the first phase – observation – we collected opinative texts destined to publication on the school newspaper “Primeiras Letras”, carried out by means of a partnership between the Fortaleza City Education Bureau and the Non-Profit Organization Comunicação e Cultura. The intervention phase consisted in the production of a different opinative text to the second issue of the school newspaper. This text was re-written twice in subsequent classes under the guidance of the original Portuguese teacher of the group. The analysis of the three versions of the same text consisted in the second part of the analyzed corpus. The statistical reflection and the hermeneutical interpretation over the collected texts, taking account for the situation in which the texts were produced, point to a conclusion that texts present themselves as complex systems in which the elements may combine in infinite ways, however coherently with the initial parameters of the production context. The three dimensions of the of the text architecture reveal themselves as the space of the ontological linguistic weaving of texts conveying the semitization of discourses. These elements also work as gnoseological axes which make possible both the analysis and construction of textual meanings. The macropropositions (argumentative, narrative, etc.) feature themselves as nodal attractors, allowing the elements of discourse, theme and enunciation to move around nodal axes. In the argumentative macropropositions these axes correspond to the theses and their reformulations around which the arguments spin. However, the arguments don’t behave in a isolate way inside each macropropositions, but interact with the arguments presented in other macropropositions of the same text. In Physics an <> is the probable zone for the movement in a dynamic system. Similarly, around the same theses, many times reformulated, one can elaborate a text in which the arguments move based upon infinite configurations of textualization and enunciation that may be possible to convey the specific semiotized contents. Key-words: