Evidências do efeito antidepressivo rápido da Ayahuasca em um modelo animal de depressão maior

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is altered by affective, cognitive and psychomotor changes, a WHO predicts that by 2030, MDD will appear as the main cause of unworked days in the world. It is estimated that 50 to 60% of patients with formulas eliminated with an antidepressant do not show clinical improvement in the first 8-12 weeks, and only 20 to 35% will show complete remission, requiring a new treatment alternative. In clinical and preclinical studies of Ayahuasca it is very promising, currently calculated in Brazil in different religious contexts. It is the union of 2 plants; P. viridis that contains N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and the B. caapi plant that contains potent β-carbolines reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the behavioral and biochemical effects of Ayahuasca in mice. The research was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará and the tea used was provided by the Beneficent Spiritist Center União do Vegetal. Male mice were used and were exposed to the animal model of corticosterone-induced depression (0.1ml / 10g) administered subcutaneously for 21 days, treated with Ayahuasca at doses of 26.4 ml / kg and 13.2 ml / kg by gavage , after the treatment the animals passed the behavioral tests, forced swimming, suspension of syrup, open field and Y-maze analyzes histological and biochemical and the results were obtained using the software GraphPad Prism version 7.0. After the chronic administration of corticosterone, a reduction in the weight of the animals was observed, a decrease in the fasciculated zone and in the adrenal glands, a decrease in the immobility time in the suspension and forced swimming tests, an increase in the number of vertical exploration in the field test. open, decreased spontaneous alternations in the y-maze, increased levels of corticosterone in plasma levels, decreased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. After acute treatment with Ayahuasca at a dose of 13.2 ml / kg and 26.4 ml / kg, the mobility time was reversed in both tests, number of vertical exploration, plasma levels of corticosterone, BDNF levels. However, only at the highest dose was the number of spontaneous alternations reversed, after treatment with the positive ketamine control (10mg / kg) the mobility time was reversed in both tests, the plasma levels of corticosterone. We concluded in this study that AYA in different doses managed to acutely reverse the depressive phenotype caused by the prolonged administration of corticosterone.