Paciente idoso internado por fratura de fêmur em um hospital terciário do município de Fortaleza–Ceará: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

In Brazil, the high rate of hospitalization of the elderly for femoral fractures has been recognized as a serious public health problem. Femoral fractures in the elderly are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality that, added to the need for hospitalization, surgical treatment and intense postoperative care, require significant costs for the health system. The demographic transition causes an increase in chronic-degenerative diseases, between them osteoporosis, which is the main cause of fractures. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the profile of the patient hospitalized for femoral fracture in a tertiary referral hospital during the study period. This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study of secondary data published by the Ministry of Health (MS), from January 2009 to December 2018. For data analysis, absolute and univariate and bivariate percentages and statistical measures were obtained, with a significance level of 5.0%. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0 for Windows was utilized. For georeferencing of cases of femur fractures, QGIS software, version 3.8, was used, and for series distribution, Jenk's natural breaking method was used. In the evaluated period, 2640 hospitalizations for femoral fracture were recorded, with a higher prevalence of females over males in the proportion of 3:1. The average age was 80 years old, 81.8% lived in neighborhoods with very low HDI and the average hospital stay was 14 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher for patients with longer hospital stays, with 4.1% mortality. As for the cost, between 2009 and 2018, 2640 AIH (hospital admission authorization) were opened, totaling R$ 7.457.391,42, and it was observed that the largest expenses were with the population under 80 years old, with a median value for the cost of R$ 2.958,11. In view of the imminent population aging process, the risks of falls and the associated costs, it is necessary to consider the need to implement public policies and health planning so that the health teams of the Family Health Strategy can meet the demands arising from this change in the population profile.