Fatores associados à insegurança alimentar domiciliar em uma coorte de mulheres residentes em áreas vulneráveis a arboviroses de Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

Food insecurity refers to the lack of consistent access to food, where there is a decrease in the quality of the diet and interruption of normal eating patterns, which can result in negative consequences for nutrition, health and well-being. This study aims to estimate the magnitude and risk factors for household food insecurity in a cohort of women living in an area at high risk for arbovirus infections. Data analysis were conducted from a prospective cohort study carried out in areas at high risk for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, between 2018 and 2019 with women aged 15 to 39 years (ZIF Cohort). Home food insecurity was measured using a psychometric scale. A longitudinal multivariate random intercept Poisson regression was used to verify the association between food insecurity and demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related aspects. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. The situation of household food insecurity showed an increasing trend. Of the households that made up the cohort, 47.4% were in food insecurity in the second wave of the cohort. After adjustment, food insecurity was significantly associated with infection by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (RR = 1.15); use of illicit drugs (RR = 1.24); smoking (RR = 1.23); two or more persons employed at home (RR = 0.68); a person employed at home (RR = 0.77); being in the low economic class (RR = 1.97); being in the middle economic class (RR = 1.43); and be in the 30 to 39 age group (RR = 1.33). Programs and public policies must be implemented with a view to guaranteeing food and nutritional security and promoting health in this population. The relationship between household food insecurity and CHIKV infection deserves further investigation.